ctiveness significantly. Don’t assume that just because someone spends 10 hours per week on a particular activity, he or she can do four of them at once; you’ll be lucky if he or she can handle three.
Tip #13: Build training time into the schedule. Determine how much time your team members typically spend on training activities annually, and subtract that from the time available for them to be assigned to project tasks. You probably already subtract out average values for vacation time, sick time, and other assignments; treat training time the same way.
Tip #14: Record estimates and how you derived them. When you prepare estimates for your work, write down those estimates and document how you arrived at each of them. Understanding the assumptions and approaches used to create an estimate will make them easier to defend and adjust when necessary, and it will help you improve your estimation process.
Tip #15: Use estimation tools. Many commercial tools are available to help you estimate entire projects. With their large databases of actual project experience, these tools can give you a spectrum of possible schedule and staff allocation options. They’ll also help you stay out of the "impossible region," combinations of product size, team size, and schedule where no known project has been successful. A good tool to try is Estimate Pro from the Software Productivity Centre (www.spc.ca).
Tip #16: Respect the learning curve. If you’re trying new processes, tools, or tech无忧论文 【http://www.uklunwen.com】nologies for the first time on this project, recognize that you will pay a price in terms of a short-term productivity loss. Don’t expect to get the fabulous benefits of new software engineering approaches on the first try, so build extra time into the schedule to account for the inevitable learning curve.
Tip #17: Plan contingency buffers. Things never go precisely as you plan on a project, so your budget and schedule should include some contingency buffers at the end of major phases to accommodate the unforeseen. Unfortunately, your manager or customer may view these buffers as padding, rather than the sensible acknowledgement of reality that they are. Point to unpleasant surprises on previous projects as a rationale for your foresight.
Tracking Your Progress
Tip #18: Record actuals and estimates. If you don’t record the actual effort or time spent on each task and compare them to your estimates, you’ll never improve your estimating approach. Your estimates will forever remain guesses.
Tip #19: Count tasks as complete only when they’re 100% complete. One benefit of using inch-pebbles for task planning is that you can classify each small task as either done or not done, which is more realistic than trying to estimate what percent of a large task is complete at any time. Don’t let people "round up" their task completion status; use explicit criteria to tell whether a step truly is completed.
Tip #20: Track project status openly and honestly. Create a climate in |
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