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论文大纲，目录 |
| 关键词搜索：Linguistic Requirement Euphemisms chinese |
Title: The Linguistic Requirement of Using Euphemisms of English and Chinese
Contents
Abstract in Chinese
Abstract in English
Introduction
1.0 Euphemism:
1.1 Definition of euphemism
1.2 The pragmatic features of euphemism
1.2.1 Times
1.2.2 Nationality
1.2.3 Indirectness
1.2.4 Convergence
2.0 The Linguistics of Euphemism
2.1 Face Theory
2.2 Grice’s Co-operative Principle
2.3 Politeness
3.0 Euphemism and Historical Perspective
3.1 Euphemism and Social Class
3.2 Euphemism Motivation
3.2.1 Taboo
3.2.2 Traditional morality
3.2.3 Social Convention
3.2.4 Psychological Factor
3.2.5 Religion
4.0 Diachronic Euphemism Formation
5.0 Communicative function of Chinese and English euphemism
5.1 Evasive function
5.2 Upgrading function
5.3 Cosmetic function
6.0 comparison of euphemism between english and chinese
Conclusion
Bibliography
Acknowledgements
Abstract in Chinese
委婉语,作为一种语言现象，它有其独特的来源及构成方法，并遵循一定的发展规律。同时，它也是一种文化现象，折射出中西国家的不同风俗习惯和社会心理。委婉语是人类使用语言过程中的一种普遍现象，是人们谈论那些令人不快或尴尬的事情时所使用的较为礼貌的说法。它不仅是一种社会语言现象，更是一种文化现象。随着社会的进步，人类文明的发展，委婉语始终伴随着整个社会的言语交际过程，且表现出极强的言语交际功能。由于委婉语在英语中应用比较广泛，所以了解委婉语的交际功能对于我们学好英语、进行有效的跨文化交际有很大帮助。
委婉语的产生与语言禁忌（taboo）有关，“塔布”现象包括两个方面：一是受尊敬的神物不便使用；二是受鄙视的贱物不能随便接触。而所谓的语言“塔布”包括两个方面：即语言的灵物崇拜和语言的禁用或代用。为了防止涉及这种灵物崇拜的语言,以及能引起恐惧或让人忌讳的词语出现在言语交际中，从而委婉语就应运而生了。人们在交际中自觉不自觉地运用着“委婉”的表达方式，即用含蓄曲折的词语来代替那些不能直接说的话称为“委婉语"。英汉两种语言的委婉语,既属于语言现象又属于文化现象。虽然由于文化背景不同，英汉委婉语都具有强烈的民族性，但都是用令人愉快的&委婉曲折的话语来表达生活中那些令人恐惧、令人尴尬、遭人厌恶、惹人不快的事物。
英汉两种语言都有大量的委婉语，它们看似相似，究其根本，却是建立在各自不同无忧论文 【http://www.uklunwen.com】的文化底蕴上。为揭示英汉委婉语的普遍特征，更好地理解英汉委婉语的特殊性。本文从委婉语的产生根源，在分析英语委婉语语用特征的基础上，对英汉委婉语的进行对比分析，说明语言的一致性和民族语言的差异性。从言语交际的角度看，委婉语本质上体现为一种间接的言语行为，以加深对这一问题的认识。
关键词：委婉语；语用特征；英汉对比分析
Abstract in English
As far as the range of euphemism is concerned, English and Chinese are somewhat different. The British and Americans and the Chinese differ and share in taboo because they differ and share in culture and psychology. And the case is the same with them in euphemism. On the whole, English euphemism and Chinese euphemism share more than they differ. Beside, belonging to different language systems, English and Chinese have differences in linguistic structures, which lead to their differences in euphemism formation: each has its peculiarities. On the other hand, English and Chinese are somewhat similar in linguistic structure, and have something in common in culture and psychology, so their euphemisms have similarities in means of formation. Different as they are in other ways, English euphemism and Chinese euphemism are the same in principles of formation. All types of euphemism are created in accordance with three principles: the distance principle, the relation principle and the pleasantness principle.
It can be seen from the comparison of the euphemism of English and Chinese that both the Chinese nation and the western nations have their own euphemisms. Some of them have similarities in the aspects that the human beings share in, such as death, disease, etc; on the other hand, their usages take on |
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