医疗机构集团化连锁经营模式研究
摘 要
随着我国医疗保险制度的改革深化和医疗服务市场的逐步开放，医疗服务的需求向多元化、多层次发展，在医疗市场竞争日趋激烈的形势下，医疗机构为自身生存和发展，打破原有的行政隶属和所有制限制，构建医疗服务新体系。
本文以规范研究和比较研究的方法，从医疗保险制度改革进程和医疗机构经营环境的角度分析研究医疗机构的改革趋势，通过对比国外医疗机构的成熟经营模式，结合中国医疗机构的重组进程，运用企业管理有关集团化和连锁经营的理论，在前人研究的基础上对医疗集团化连锁经营模式进行完善。
本文认为，我国的医疗体制改革滞后于经济体制的改革，造成医疗费用过速增长、政府干预职能缺失、医疗保障层次单一、医疗资源总体不足，导致了医疗服务市场的供需失衡。由于经济体制变革、人口老龄化、以及医疗产品自身的特殊性等原因，医疗机构的宏观经营环境和行业经营环境已发生了变化，现行的三级医疗服务体系阻碍了医疗机构合理、协调的发展；医疗机构要注重人力资源的挖掘，构造服务价值链遵循“客户中心”原则，以“医疗服务质量”为核心竞争力，通过“后勤社会化”提高管理效率。
本文研究了英国、新加坡、美国的医疗保障制度和医疗机构经营模式的成熟经验，提出我国的医疗保障体系要增加补充医疗保险、建立全科医疗制度、推行双向转诊制度、实行医药分离体制。我国的医疗机构改革经历了医疗协作联合体和医院集团两个阶段，未来的医疗机构改革趋势是将连锁经营模式应用于医疗服务行业，以大型综合医院为核心，联合中小型医疗机构，成立医疗集团构建一个完整的医疗服务新体系。在集团化连锁经营模式下，医疗集团采用事业部制的组织结构以及集权与分权平衡的经营体制，各个医疗机构按照职能分工选择目标市场，而集团整体的市场定位是混合型，其中“人本原则”是医疗集团管理的根本。
从集团化连锁经营模式出发，本文认为医疗集团在进行营销管理时可以发挥品牌优势、成本领先优势、差异化优势，可以通过财务集中管理，适度负债提高资金的使用效益，建立统一采购与配送中心，利用资源整合的规模效应，抵御市场竞争的风险。
关键词： 医疗机构，医疗集团，集团化连锁经营模式，医疗保险制度，医疗改革
A Study on Group Concatenate Managing Mode
Of Medical Organization
ABSTRACT
With the opening policy on local medical market and deepen reform of national medicare, the demand of medical service is targeting to mixed farming and multilayer development. Market competition becomes more and more aboil, in order to be survive and grown-up, it has to break its original administrative subjection & affiliation and establish a pure new system.
From point view of medicare reforming progress and medical working environment, it provides an analysis on direction of medi无忧论文 【http://www.uklunwen.com】cal reform by criterion and comparison study. Through the comparison of experienced managing mode overseas, and combination with local reforming progress, it improved previous study on group concatenate managing mode of medical organization with enterprise management theory of collectivization and concatenation.
It is pointed out that as a result of over-speed increasing of fee-for-service, lack of government intervention, simple medicare, short on medical resource, which are caused by the behindhand medical system, and supply & demand balance has been broken in the market. The existing medical system is becoming an obstacle for development due to the change of economical system, older population, as well as the particularity of medical product itself. Medical organization shall pay more attention to human resource, conform service value to customer, regard service quality as core competing ability, and improve the managing efficiency by logistic socialization.
With the investigation of medicare and medical organization managing mode in UK, Singapore and US, it is proposed that complementary medicare shall be added into current system, general practice system shall be set up, bidirectional transferred diagnose system shall be pushed, medical and medicine separating system shall be executed. The national medical reform has been experienced with medical associated union and medical group, and concatenate managing shall be performed on medical service industry. An entire |
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