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primarily concerned with "means"(i.e.,
has no view of context or larger picture),
not ends
how is communication involved?
how is communication involved?
. communicative rationality finds its context
. ideology is distorted communication
in the "ideal speech situation"
. instrumental rationality thrives on and
. conditions of "ideal speech situation":
facilitates ideology
(i) absence of power relations
. communication in contemporary society
is defined in terms of one-way, top-down
hierarchical structure (e.g., media, large
(ii) equal opportunities to speak
bureaucracies)
(iii) openness to all relevant considerations
. facilitates "one-dimensionality"
(Marcuse), which acts to paralyze critical
(iv)consensus always open to negotiation
thought and neutralize the critical value of language (e.g., soundbites in political (v) truth based on rational consensus (truth
rhetoric) not outside discourse, but rather the
product of communicative exchange
between people)
. ideal speech situation (like the public
sphere) is an ideal standard of criticism, not
something we ever actually achieve
consequences:
consequences:
. restores reason to its rightful place by
. causes disenchantment and "iron cage"
reconnecting it to experience and to ethics
(alienation and loss of meaning)
. weakens power of instrumental rationality,
. erases the sacred and moral dimension
and reasserts the rational and meaningful
无忧论文 【http://www.uklunwen.com】of existence
basis of the lifeworld
. creates the irrationality of rationality
. reclaims the public sphere
(e.g., traffic jams, fastfood)
. brings about the colonization of the
lifeworld, and feudalization of the public
sphere (e.g., Amway)
examples of communicative rationality:
examples of instrumental rationality:
. psychotherapy
. bureaucracies and "red-tape"
. town halls and other public forums
. market
. organizational reform
. technology
2. AC640 reading: Randal Martin’s “Advertising and Public Relations
Ethics”
Randal Martin is an instructor in the philosophy department at Carleton University. In this
book on the problem of propaganda and persuasive communication as these relate to
ethics, Martin addresses advertising and public relations as common forms of
persuasive discourse. This chapter comes from his book, Propaganda and the Ethics of
Persuasion (Broadview, 2002). While he doesn’t subscribe overtly to any philosophical
doctrine in this chapter, the style of his argument is consistent with the Pragmatist
approach.
a. advertising
Advertising has a legitimate role in society—in Martin’s terms, it is a “modern necessity.”
It provides information to consumers about goods and services they might purchase,
and in allowing for communication about mass-produced commodities in large markets,
makes possible economies of scale that provide purchasers with high-quality, relatively
inexpensive go |
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