of your coursework and use quotation marks”. If quotations are long (3 lines or more), the accepted practice is to use single spacing, to indent both margins, and to use quotation marks. For example:
The argument for and against euthanasia provide endless debate and present irreconcilable differences of opinion. As Morgan states,“(e)uthanasia is an endless debate; likewise physician assisted suicide. Proponents are frequently portrayed as playing fast and loose with the sanctity of human life. Opponents are painted as fanatical do-gooders intent on imposing their enduring spiritual views on increasingly secular Western societies. Both caricatures have elements of farce and fairness in them, in an old debate where, too frequently, fiction takes the place of fact, where fable does the work of narrative and where demons and panics abound”.
It is quite common to have an extract that you wish to quote in full which does not quite fit the grammatical structure of your sentence. Here, the quoted section starts, in the original version, with a capital E, but in order to fit the sentence structure, it is made to run on from the author’s own opening clause. In these cases, accepted practice is to alter the structure of the quoted extract as necessary, and to use brackets to identify the parts which have been altered. Hence “(e)uthanasia” in place of “Euthanasia”.
If a part of the original quoted extract is irrelevant, it can be omitted. It should be shown thus. 无忧论文 【http://www.uklunwen.com】The omitted part of the text has been replaced with “ ... “.
“(e)uthanasia is an endless debate; likewise physician assisted suicide. Proponents are frequently portrayed as playing fast and loose with the sanctity of human life. Opponents are painted as fanatical do-gooders ... . Both caricatures have elements of farce and fairness in them, in an old debate where, too frequently, fiction takes the place of fact, where fable does the work of narrative and where demons and panics abound”. (Morgan 2001 p. 203).
(Note that in the earlier example, the Vancouver numeric referencing system was used. In this second example, the Harvard system has been used. Systems for referencing will be described shortly)
Paraphrases (i.e. when you re-write and/or summarise someone’s ideas in your own words) should be preceded by or include "X argues that ... " or a similar phrase, and also followed by the appropriate reference.
Indirect sources ? when you have not read the book yourself ? must be identified as such; this is called “secondary referencing”. You can preface a reference of this type by a phrase such as, "X supports Y's view that ... ". (References should not be made to something you have not actually read; the reference in your work should always be to the item you have actually read, rather than the item to which the author refers.)
Referencing your sources
Academic work may use one of a variety of citation systems to record references in a systematic for |
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