references are listed in alphabetical order by author. However, the Vancouver style bibliography cites the book or articles as a whole, not particular bits within it.
Your word-processing system may enable you to include the reference numbers and to place the citation details as a footnote at the bottom of the appropriate page, using ‘References’ in the ‘Insert’ menu in the tool bar. If you move a block of text including a reference number, it will automatically move the citation for you and reorganise the numbering.
Multiple citations of one document should receive separate numbers.
If you use the same source later within your coursework, a different reference number is used and you will need to repeat the citation in full, or use the author’s surname and ibid (where the footnote refers to a different page of the last mentioned work) or the author’s surname idem (where the footnote refers to both the same source and the same page as the previous footnote).
N.B. - In a footnote reference, which is normal in legal writings, the initial comes before the surname, whereas in a list of references and the bibliography, the surname comes first).
- If the work has multiple authors, they should be listed in full in the bibliographical entry. Et al. is only appropriate in footnotes.
Incorporating references into a paragraph
A paragraph is a section of an argument. A good paragraph should have
· an explanation of the points it is making;
· evidence on 无忧论文 【http://www.uklunwen.com】different sides of an argument;
· a reasoned conclusion.
Here are some examples, written to answer the question:
What effect has Thatcherism had on the welfare state?
1. A good paragraph
The 'welfare state' can be understood in two main senses: as an ideal, providing welfare as of right to everyone at the best level possible (Briggs 1961 pp 228-230), and as a group of social welfare services developed in different countries (Flora, Heidenheimer 1982). Thatcherism combined the liberalism of the new right (King 1987) with some aspects of traditional conservatism (Barry 1987); it argued for a reduction in the commitment to state welfare (Webb, Wistow 1982), coupled with punitive measures towards the poor (Golding 1986). If the welfare state is seen as an ideal, then Thatcherism was opposed to it (Loney 1986); the Thatcher governments were criticised for the development of unequal provision (Field 1989), privatisation (Johnson 1990) and the 'residualisation' of welfare (especially in housing: Forrest, Murie 1988). If, however, the welfare state is seen as a range of services, the practical impact seems more limited: welfare expenditure was largely maintained and even (in health and social security) increased (Hills 1990). The greatest impact seems to have come not from the reduction of state welfare, but from the reform of public sector administration (Wilding 1992) and management intended to imitate the workings of the private market (Le Grand, Bartlett 1993). |
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