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similar sorts of environmental features in Tuen Mun influence juvenile deli
nquents to make this type of rational choice.
Crime Prevention Through Environment Design (CPTED)
CPTED studies provide numerous detailed description and explanations of the rela
tionship between crime and place with a view to minimize crime. For example, Jan
e Jacobs(1961) found a greater tendency for crime to occur in large publicly acc
essible areas created by the newer forms of urban planning. She pointed out that
the new forms of design broke down many of the traditional controls on criminal
behavior, for example, the ability of residents to watch the street and the pre
sence of people using the street both night and day. She suggested that the lack
of "natural guardianship" in the environment promoted crime. A decade later Osc
ar Newman (1972, 1980) contributed a seminal work on crime prevention and enviro
nment, using such concepts as "defensible space", "natural surveillance", and "c
ommunity of interest". Concerning the relationship between the prevalence or abs
ence of "guardianship" or "surveillance" and crime occurrence, my study will exa
mine whether the environment of Tuen Mun's new town provides insufficient "natur
al guardianship" compared to Kowloon City which leads to a high delinquency rate
.
Another major work on environmental criminology by Pat and Paul Brantingham (199
0) further developed the concept of CPTED. The Brantinghams' suggested that "rou
无忧论文 【http://www.uklunwen.com】tine activity" such as the way the potential offenders live, work or go to schoo
l, and engage in leisure could influence the offenders to search for crime targe
ts. For example, places near McDonald's restaurants and 7-eleven stores where yo
uths like to gather after school may suffer more property crime than other place
s. Hence, the Brantinghams' suggested that schools should be kept away from shop
ping malls and convenience-stores so youths do not congregate at these places af
ter school or at lunch time. Such a change of space or place could reduce some d
elinquency such as shoplifting. My research following the Brantinghams' suggesti
on will examine and compare what sorts of places and why they are prone to high
juvenile crime in Tuen Mun.
(IV) Methodology
In order to test the hypothesis of the study and examine the main questions rais
ed, the following methodology will be employed.
Participant Observation
Participant observation with a group of juvenile delinquents or marginal youths
in Tuen Mun will be carried out. The aim is to collect more qualitative informat
ion about their life style and behaviour. Through cautious participation and obs
ervation of the juvenile delinquents' daily and routine activities, I hope to fi
nd out how their delinquent patterns have been influenced by environmental facto
rs. I propose to associate myself with Tuen Mun's juvenile delinquents through t
he help of the district outreaching social work team. I |
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