我国中小房地产企业融资问题的研究
摘 要
近年来,随着我国社会主义市场经济的迅速发展,房地产行业也呈现出高度发展的势头,日益显示出其在社会生产和居民生活两方面不可缺少的双重功能,逐步发挥着其作为国民经济基础产业的重要导向作用。房地产行业是资本密集型行业,其行业特征决定了资金成为房地产企业发展壮大的关键因素。但在我国目前的金融环境下,提供给房地产企业的融资渠道较少,银行贷款成为房地产企业融资的主要方式,在一定程度上限制了房地产企业的快速成长,同时也加大了我国的金融风险。
2003年,在国务院发布的第18号文——《关于促进房地产市场持续健康发展的通知》中,首次明确了房地产业是国民支柱产业的重要地位,并对房地产业发展做出全面部署,对行业发展具有指导意义。
房地产开发是一个与资金筹集和运作密切相关的过程,房地产项目开发过程中,对资金的需求大量、集中,企业融资成功与否关系到房地产项目能否顺利进行甚至整个房地产企业的生存发展。房地产企业进行融资决策,必须考虑企业所处的外部资本市场的状况,结合国家金融政策、银行改革方向、发行股票、企业债券的制度等。但是,由于存在规模小、资源分散、社会资源低效使用等一些列问题,我国大部分房地产企业发展较为缓慢,与其资金密集型的行业特点极不相适应,与国外同行业相比差距较大。在新的政策、环境下,房地产企业应该如何进行企业的融资活动,是当下对房地产业来说最为迫切的问题。
在上述背景条件下,房地产界和金融界都在认真思考如何拓宽房地产融资渠道的问题。房地产企业在实际运作中开始从过去的主要依靠银行贷款,转向上市、海外融资、企业债券、股权融资、房地产信托等多种途径。与此同时,理论界也对房地产融资创新各抒己见,房地产金融资本已成为房地产业界关心的首要问题。在借鉴国内外大量相关参考文献的基础上,本文主要针对中小房地产企业融资问题进行了相关的研究,其主要研究内容如下:
第一章绪论部分,主要介绍了文章的研究意义、研究方法、研究的预期目标与创新点等。
第二章房地产企业融资基础理论研究部分,在对房地产企业融资理论进行归纳的基础上,提出了房地产房地产企业、房地产企业融资的含义,分析了房地产企业涉及的类型和房地产企业融资的方式,综述和评价了与房地产企业融资相关的国内外研究文献。
第三章房地产企业融资实例部分,主要介绍了某房地产开发有限公司的基本情况,简要叙述了公司的资金及融资状况。
第四章案例分析及对我国房地产企业融资的建议部分,分析评价了某房地产开发有限公司融资状况,并针对我国房地产企业融资现状,提出了相关的对策及建议。
关键词: 房地产,企业融资,对策建议
Reasearch on financing of Medium and Small real estate enterprises in our country
无忧论文 【http://www.uklunwen.com】ABSTRACT
With the rapid growth of the socialistic marketing economy of China, the Chinese real estate industry develops quickly in recent years. It shows us its indispensable function in social production and lives of residents, and gradually plays the role of direction as a national basic industry. The real estate industry is capital-intensive, and fund is the key factor of the growth of the real estate enterprises. Under the Chinese present financial environment, the real estate enterprises have very few financial channels except for the bank loans. This situation limits the growth of real estate enterprises, also raises financial risk.
In notice on promoting sustainable healthy development of Real estate market (The State Council(2003)Document No.18), for the first time, that realty industry was put forward as a one of the domestic pillar industry. This document also outlined the long-term development of realty industry and was considered to be a guideline in this field.
Real estate development is closely correlated with financing and fund operation,and the demand of fund in real estate project development is usually mass. Well financing is the key factor in real estate project developing and real estate business operating. External capital market conditions and policy conditions around the business such as stocks and bonds issuance acquirements,national finance policies,and bank innovation tendency,must be considered in real estate project financing decisi