网络舆论与社会控制
前 言
互联网为人类提供了前所未有的便利与自由，网络媒体拓宽了传播的广度和深度,打破了信息传播形式的界限，网络的互动性使人们自由转换角色,受众不再被动接受信息,而是主动提供传播信息，高技术带来的"自由"对社会既定的法律法规、道德规范带来了极大冲击，导致社会控制弱化，而网络舆论，使传统舆论有了新的载体，互联网的匿名性、互动性，个人发言的随意性和无限性，个人化、组织化的网络论坛、个人网站、blog、wiki成为信息穷人和边缘人群发泄的场所。舆论一经上网,即是对全球进行传播，若不能有力控制，小则诱发社会不安，大则引起政局动荡。一只蝴蝶在南半球扇动翅膀鼓起的气流经过几星期的“组合”，可能会导致北半球刮起龙卷风，这是混沌学理论中的“蝴蝶效应”，指对初始条件敏感性的一种依赖现象：输入端微小的差别会迅速放大到输出端压倒一切的差别。此外，别有用心的人制造、利用违背真理、歪曲事实真相、蛊惑人心的负向舆论，把人们引入歧途。舆论既可众志成城，也可众口铄金，积非成是，因此，对“网络舆论”的控制决不可掉以轻心，同时也向国家有关部门与社会组织提出了挑战。
本文的第一部分阐释了关于舆论的定义、起源、发展、社会作用。第二部分谈了网络舆论的形成和对社会的影响，举出2003年人民利用网络维权的一些事例，这些都是正向舆论，而控制是针对负向舆论而言，本文特意单列两节，着重论述了负向舆论的极端形式——网络流言的形成、危害与难以控制性，得出流言止于传媒的公信力的结论，需要传统媒体、网络媒体共同提高其公信力，才能使流言没有滋生的土壤与空间。并提出“网络异化”对社会的负面影响。
本文的第三部分从技术、法律、社会（网络）伦理几个方面论证了对网络舆论的控制，负面影响不是某一种方法手段就可以消除的，必须从各方面配合协调，多管齐下，除了硬性的“控制”，还需软性的“引导”，控制与引导并重，才能使网络舆论不脱离正常轨道。
网络舆论调控得好，可以使政府体察民意，顺应民情，加速社会的民主化进程；调控失当，挣脱控制的舆论便会变成肆虐的洪水猛兽，贻害无穷。正如江泽民同志所言：“舆论引导正确，是党和国家之福，舆论引导错误，是党和国家之祸。
Preface
Internet provides unprecedented convenience and freedom for people. Network media broaden range and depth of transmission and break limit of information transmission form. People transfer their role freely for mutual-action of network, audiences initiatively offer information instead of accepting them passively. Freedom accompanying new technology impacts greatly social fixed law and moral criterion leading to weakening social control. Network consensus---traditional consensus with new carrier, personalizing and systematizing network forum、personal无忧论文 【http://www.uklunwen.com】 website、blog、wiki become abreaction location of information poor and marginals because of anonymity and mutual-action of Internet and randomness of personal speech. Once consensus are on line, they will be transmit through the whole world. If not controlled effectively, they will induce social instability，even political unsettle. The airflow aroused by a butterfly flapping its wings over southern half-globe maybe lead to tornado over northern half-globe after several weeks’ “combination”, which is “butterfly effect” in chaos theory. It refers to a phenomenon depending on sensitivity of initial condition: the tittle difference in input will quickly amplify into overwhelming discrimination in fan-out. Besides, the negative consensus that violate verity, falsify truth and confuse the people’s minds which are made and utilized by people who have ulterior motives would lead people astray. Consensus may gather strength as well as confound right and wrong, so, we never treat network consensus lightly, which challenge state department concerned and social organization.
The first part of this article explains definition, origin, development and social function about consensus. The second part mentions network consensus’ form and influence to society and takes some examples that people maintain their rights through network in 2003, which are positive network consensus, while control aims at negative consensus, so this part especially lists two section to emphasize the extreme form |
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